What is Judo?
Judo, meaning "the gentle way," is a modern Japanese martial art and Olympic sport founded by Jigoro Kano in 1882. It focuses on using an opponent's force against them through throws, pins, joint locks, and chokes. Judo's philosophy emphasizes mutual welfare and maximum efficiency—achieving the greatest effect with minimum effort.
Judo Principles
- Seiryoku Zenyo: Maximum efficiency with minimum effort
- Jita Kyoei: Mutual welfare and benefit
- Kuzushi: Breaking balance before throwing
- Tsukuri: Entry and positioning for technique
- Kake: Execution of the throw
Core Techniques
- Nage-waza (Throws): Hip throws, leg throws, hand throws, sacrifice throws
- Katame-waza (Grappling): Pins, joint locks, chokes
- Osaekomi-waza: Pinning techniques for control
- Shime-waza: Choking techniques
- Kansetsu-waza: Joint locking techniques (elbow)
Olympic History
Judo became an Olympic sport for men in 1964 (Tokyo) and for women in 1992 (Barcelona). It remains one of the most popular Olympic martial arts, with athletes from over 200 countries competing. Japan leads in Olympic medal count, followed by France, Korea, and Cuba.
Belt System
- White Belt: Beginner (6th Kyu)
- Yellow/Orange Belt: 5th-4th Kyu
- Green Belt: 3rd Kyu
- Blue Belt: 2nd Kyu
- Brown Belt: 1st Kyu
- Black Belt: Shodan (1st Dan) and above
Judo in India
India has a strong Judo tradition with the Judo Federation of India (JFI) governing national competitions. Indian judokas have represented the country at Olympics, Asian Games, and Commonwealth Games. Training centers exist across the country, with significant programs in Delhi, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.
Getting Started
Judo training begins with ukemi (falling techniques) to ensure safety. You'll need a judogi (Judo uniform) and start learning basic throws and pins. Classes emphasize randori (free practice) alongside kata (forms). Judo is excellent for all ages and is one of the safest martial arts due to its emphasis on controlled training.