Kalaripayattu

What is Kalaripayattu?

Kalaripayattu (കളരിപ്പയറ്റ്) is an ancient Indian martial art originating from Kerala. The name derives from two Malayalam words: "kalari" (training ground/battlefield) and "payattu" (practice/fight). It is often called the "mother of all martial arts" as many believe it influenced the development of martial arts across Asia.

History & Legend

According to legend, Kalaripayattu was created by Parashurama, the sixth avatar of Lord Vishnu, who is said to have established 108 kalaris (training centers) across Kerala. Historical evidence suggests the art was systematized during the Sangam period (3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE).

Kalaripayattu warriors played crucial roles in Kerala's military history, defending kingdoms and engaging in duels to settle disputes. The art declined under British colonial rule but was revived in the 20th century through the efforts of dedicated masters.

Training Stages

• Meipayattu (Body Training): Flexibility exercises, kicks, jumps, and animal-inspired movements
• Kolthari (Wooden Weapons): Training with staff (kettukari), short stick (cheruvadi), and curved stick (otta)
• Ankathari (Metal Weapons): Sword, shield, spear, dagger, and the flexible urumi sword
• Verumkai (Empty Hand): Unarmed combat techniques including locks and throws
• Marma Chikitsa: Knowledge of vital points for both combat and healing

Unique Aspects

• Integration of Ayurvedic medicine and healing practices
• Marma point knowledge (107 vital points in the body)
• Animal-inspired movements (lion, elephant, snake, horse, etc.)
• Use of traditional massage with medicated oils
• Spiritual and devotional practices integrated with training
• Training in traditional sunken kalari pits

Famous Weapons

• Urumi: Flexible whip-like sword considered one of the most dangerous weapons
• Kuntham: Spear for thrusting and throwing
• Vaal: Curved sword used with shield
• Katar: Push dagger for close combat
• Maru: Deer horn-shaped weapon unique to Kalaripayattu

Benefits of Training

• Exceptional flexibility and body control
• Deep understanding of body mechanics and vital points
• Holistic health through Ayurvedic practices
• Connection to ancient Indian spiritual traditions
• Mastery of diverse weapons systems
• Development of warrior spirit and discipline

Where to Learn in India

Kerala remains the heart of Kalaripayattu with numerous traditional kalaris in Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikode, and Kannur. The CVN Kalari and ENS Kalari are among the most renowned institutions. Today, Kalaripayattu schools can also be found in major cities across India and internationally.

Kalaripayattu & Modern Culture

Kalaripayattu has gained global recognition through films, dance performances, and cultural shows. It has influenced Bollywood action choreography and is increasingly featured in international cinema. The art form is also recognized by UNESCO for its cultural significance.